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''Attacker''-class escort carriers were a type of aircraft carrier in service with the British Royal Navy during the Second World War. There were eight ships in the class, all constructed in the United States and supplied under the terms of Lend-Lease to the Royal Navy. The ships served in two different roles: as convoy escort carriers, equipped with both anti-submarine and fighter aircraft, and as strike carriers, equipped with just fighter aircraft. When used as convoy escorts, the ships' aircraft were successful in deterring German submarines from attacking Allied convoys, with a number of German submarines and aircraft destroyed or damaged by the aircraft. Those carriers operating in the strike role took part in two major landings in the Mediterranean and an operation against the German battleship ''Tirpitz'' in Norwegian waters. Seven of the ships ended the war in the Far East in the campaigns against the Japanese Empire and were then used to transport home prisoners of war. All eight ships survived the war and were eventually returned to the United States Navy, which sold five of them for conversion into merchant ships. The other three ships were scrapped. ==Design and description== The ''Attacker'' class comprised eight ships built in the United States for the Royal Navy during the Second World War.〔〔Morison (2002), p. 344.〕 They were all built between 1941 and 1942 by Ingalls Shipbuilding or Western Pipe & Steel shipyards; both companies completed four ships.〔Cocker (2008), p. 79.〕 They were then supplied under the terms of Lend-Lease to the Royal Navy for their use. The ships had a complement of 646 men. Crew accommodations were significantly different from the normal for the Royal Navy at the time. Instead of food being prepared by separate messes, it was cooked in the galley and served cafeteria-style in a central dining area. Unlike British-built ships, they were equipped with a modern laundry and a barber shop. The traditional hammocks were replaced by three-tier bunk beds, 18 to a cabin, which were hinged and could be tied up to provide extra space when not in use.〔Poolman (1972), pp. 74–75.〕 The ships had an overall length of , a beam of , and a height of . They displaced at deep load.〔Cocker (2008), p. 80.〕 Propulsion was provided by two steam turbine engines connected to one shaft, giving 8,500 brake horsepower (BHP), which could propel the ship at .〔Cocker (2008), pp. 80–81.〕 All the escort carriers had the capacity for up to 24 anti-submarine or fighter aircraft, which could be a mixture of the British Hawker Sea Hurricane, Supermarine Seafire, and Fairey Swordfish, and the American Grumman Wildcat, Vought F4U Corsair and Grumman Avenger.〔 The exact composition of the embarked squadrons depended upon the mission. Some squadrons were composite squadrons for convoy defence, and would be equipped with anti-submarine and fighter aircraft,〔Poolman(1972), p.98.〕 while other squadrons working in a strike-carrier role would only be equipped with fighter aircraft.〔 Aircraft facilities consisted of a small combined bridge–flight control on the starboard side above the flight deck,〔Poolman (1972), p.57.〕 two aircraft lifts measuring , and nine arrestor wires. Aircraft could be housed in the hangar below the flight deck.〔 The ships' armament concentrated on anti-aircraft (AA) defence and comprised two 4-inch AA guns in single mounts, eight Bofors 40 mm AA guns in twin mounts, and 21 Oerlikon 20 mm AA cannons in single or twin mounts as the standard fit.〔 In practice all the ships had slightly different weapons mounted. ''Attacker'', ''Chaser'', and ''Hunter'' only had four single 20 mm AA cannons, the rest being double mounts. Of the other ships, ''Battler'' had two, ''Stalker'' had six, and ''Fencer'' had seven single 20 mm cannons. ''Pursuer'' had four extra 40 mm AA guns, and ''Striker'' had six extra in place of twin 20 mm mounts.〔Friedman (1988), p.188.〕 Before any of these ships entered service with the Royal Navy, they went to Burrards shipbuilders in British Columbia for some modifications. These modifications, 150 of them in total, were paid for by the Canadian government.〔Poolman (1972), pp. 88–89〕 Further modifications to turn the escort carriers into assault carriers were undertaken by the Caledon Shipbuilding & Engineering Company in Dundee, Scotland. This included installing over 100 telephones in a shipboard network. A new briefing room with an army plot for operations ashore was installed and extra cabins were built, providing an additional 140 bunks.〔Poolman (1972), p. 89.〕 The carriers were also fitted for a secondary role of providing oil and provisions for their accompanying destroyers. Fueling could be a lengthy process and was done on the move. It took 40 minutes from firing a line across to starting to pump oil, two hours to pump of oil, and a further 35 minutes to disconnect the hose and secure the equipment.〔Poolman (1972), pp. 102–103〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Attacker-class escort carrier」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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